terça-feira, setembro 28, 2010
O adeus de uma saudade
sábado, setembro 25, 2010
Foto da semana
terça-feira, setembro 21, 2010
segunda-feira, setembro 20, 2010
Novidade e mérito
Uma citação de Barzun que reencontrei na primeira versão do Divagações. Sempre vale a pena citar o centenário historiador franco-americano, então tomo a liberdade de me repetir:
“Com uma atmosfera saturada de relatos de achados científicos contrários ao senso comum; poemas e peças e pinturas ‘que são expressões do nosso tempo’, na verdade enigmas sem uma pista; teorias críticas a nos ensinar que os significados superficiais são uma fachada e que só os ocultos realmente importam; ou ainda, que não havendo intenção por parte do autor, não há qualquer significado distinguível na obra; enfim, leis e regras que nos enredam em situações fantásticas (...) — tantos encontros diários com o absurdo o tornaram parte da nossa mobília mental regular. (...) Qualquer doutrina ou programa que reclame o mérito de ir contra o senso comum já tem uma presunção a seu favor — uma grande descoberta se anuncia. Enquanto antigamente o seu proponente seria considerado um charlatão, hoje ele é o portador da novidade e da luz.”
domingo, setembro 19, 2010
Um "meme" de Facebook
15 x 15 (Livros e Amigos)
As regras: Não demore muito para pensar sobre isso. Quinze livros que vão sempre estar com você. Liste os primeiros quinze que você lembra em não mais do que quinze minutos. Eles não têm que estar em ordem de importância. Marque quinze amigos, incluindo eu, porque eu estou interessado em ver quais livros meus amigos escolheram.
1 - Ensaios, de Montaigne.
2 - O Livro dos Espíritos, de Allan Kardec.
3 - O Oculto, de Colin Wilson.
4 - Meditações, de Marco Aurélio.
5 - Ilusões Perdidas, de Balzac.
6 - O Evangelho segundo o Espiritismo, de Allan Kardec.
7 - Ghost Stories, de M. R. James.
8 - O Evangelho segundo João.
9 - Ensaios de Amor, de Alain de Botton.
10 - O Horror Sobrenatural na Literatura, de H. P. Lovecraft.
11 - Poesia e Prosa, de Edgar Allan Poe.
12 - Autobiografia: minha vida e minhas experiências com a verdade, de Gandhi.
13 - Sidarta, de Hermann Hesse.
14 -História da Filosofia, de Will Durant.
15 - Lost Girls, de Alan Moore.
quinta-feira, setembro 16, 2010
Epifania
My own sins are what I am describing. I am not immune to the vanity of range, to the social effects of high-level facility. But the other day I learned that there is hope for me. A letter arrived from a friend in Jerusalem. He is a poet and a scholar, and the most perfect aesthete I have ever known. His apartment in Agnon’s old neighborhood is one of beauty’s best addresses: paintings, drawings, prints, and collages luxuriantly cover the walls, except the looming wall of books, which includes a great library of Jewish works, and in this humble corner of Hebrew Levantinism even the old rabbinical editions seem verdant and voluptuous: Rashi by Bonnard. The fruit and the fish and the wine are always hedonistically vivid. The plantings on the terrace are tropically dense, and the little jungle almost obscures the old lectern, sprung from a synagogue, on which my friend rests his texts. The blessed place is a kind of refuge for forms and flavors. It lifts me up every time. As do my friend’s letters, which are reports on his readings and his tastings; and his recent letter was no different. A comic account of an attempt to arrange a trip to Provence with another poet is followed by a wicked memory of Leonard Bernstein’s appetitiveness in Jerusalem, and then this: “Now I am back to Scève, his Délie perhaps my ultimate-favorite book of poems.” That is what stopped me. Délie, his favorite poems? But I do not know Délie! I have not even heard of it, or of its maker. I experienced a moment of shame. (“What, you haven’t read Scève?”) But then shame gave way to exhilaration, because my horizon had been pushed back, and thereby saved from the assurance that it is wide enough, which is a mark of decadence. Now I was filled with an almost childlike joy that there is more, that there is always more; that the richness is beyond measure. I am still a capacity. Ignorance, I reflected, is a kind of readiness, a kind of youth. Should those who already know Scève envy me the excitement of our first meeting? Shall I console them for the fading of early love and the strain of restoring it? Is there any beauty more beautiful than the beauty I do not yet know?
I trust my friend’s judgment—more, I cherish it; he has brought me so many tidings over the years—“for out of Zion ...”; and I now have Délie, or selections from it, in the original with the emblems that accompanied the poems, wonderfully translated and introduced by Richard Sieburth. Maurice Scève was a prominent humanist in Lyons in the sixteenth century. He published Délie, objet de plus haute vertu, or Délie, Object of Highest Virtue, in 1544. It is a sequence of 450 love poems, the first French canzoniere in the style of Petrarch, and also—this is Sieburth—“the first book of the Renaissance fully to integrate poems and emblems.” Sometime around 1536, Scève fell crushingly in love with Pernette du Guillet, a blond, blue-eyed, and married young poet in Lyons, and his book is the record of his exquisite torments. “Like Mallarmé,” Sieburth nicely observes, “Scève is a poet of meanings and morphemes endlessly pleated and unpleated.” That is a little cold: these masterfully filigreed lyrics are also aching effusions of a desperate heart. But I will say no more. I have only just learned this much. The book is by my bed. I will live with it and see. The condition of knowledge—unlike information, unlike sophistication—is time, which is of course what we, the latest and the smartest, have set out to abolish.
Leon Wieseltier is the literary editor of The New Republic. This article ran in the September 2, 2010 issue of the magazine.
Autoestima x Autorrespeito
Tudo se contabiliza hoje em dia...
16/09/2010 07h06 - Atualizado em 16/09/2010 07h48
Nova paixão afasta
dois amigos íntimos,
calcula pesquisa
Estudo da Universidade de Oxford revela que iniciar relacionamento amoroso reduz círculo de amizades próximas.
Da BBC
Uma nova paixão leva à perda de dois amigos íntimos, segundo um estudo da Universidade de Oxford.
Para os pesquisadores, este é o custo de um novo relacionamento, que acabaria consumindo o tempo antes dedicado às amizades próximas.
Enquanto a maioria das pessoas teria um círculo de cinco pessoas que elas veem pelo menos uma vez por semana e com quem contam em momentos de crise, este número cairia para quatro depois do início de um namoro - com a perda de dois amigos e a inclusão do novo namorado (ou namorada) no grupo.
As duas pessoas afastadas para acomodar o relacionamento amoroso, segundo o estudo, seriam normalmente um parente e um amigo.
"Sua atenção está tão focada no seu parceiro que você simplesmente não se encontra mais com as outras pessoas e esses relacionamentos começam a se deteriorar", explica o coordenador da pesquisa Robin Dunbar, do Instituto de Antropologia Evolucionária e Cognitiva da Universidade de Oxford.
Para o estudo, publicado na revista científica Personal Relationships, 540 pessoas maiores de 18 anos responderam a um questionário pela internet sobre seus relacionamentos e os efeitos de uma nova paixão.
Facebook
Em uma pesquisa anterior, a equipe de Dunbar concluiu que o cérebro humano é capaz de administrar um máximo de 150 amigos nas redes de relacionamento disponíveis na internet, como os sites Facebook e Orkut.
Nos anos 1990, o cientista desenvolveu uma teoria batizada de "Número de Dunbar", que estabelece que o tamanho do neocórtex humano - a parte do cérebro usada para o pensamento consciente e a linguagem - limita a capacidade de administrar círculos sociais a até 150 amigos, independente do grau de sociabilidade do indivíduo.
Sua experiência se baseou na observação de agrupamentos sociais em várias sociedades - de vilarejos do período neolítico a ambientes de escritório contemporâneos.
Segundo Dunbar, sua definição de "amigo" é aquela pessoa com a qual outra pessoa se preocupa e com quem mantém contato pelo menos uma vez por ano.
terça-feira, setembro 14, 2010
Frase da semana
Só
domingo, setembro 12, 2010
Nostalgia - Ninja Gaiden
sábado, setembro 11, 2010
A escala suprema
quinta-feira, setembro 09, 2010
Liberdade religiosa em tempos difíceis
Collective responsibility.One of the most accomplished Jewish terrorists of our time, Baruch Goldstein, came from the Jewish universe in which I was raised. When he committed his crime, there were a few former and present citizens of that universe, a revered rabbi of mine among them, who demanded a stringent communal introspection; but the critics were denounced as slanderers who tarred all of religious Zionism, or all of “Modern Orthodox” Judaism, or all of Judaism, with the same treasonous brush. The killer, we were angrily instructed, was an aberration, and any generalization from his action was an unwarranted imputation of collective responsibility. I disagreed. Baruch Goldstein murdered in the name of Judaism, with an interpretation of Judaism, from a social and intellectual position within Judaism. The same was later true of Yigal Amir. They did not represent the entirety of Judaism, or of the Jewish institutions that formed them—but the massacre in Hebron and the assassination in Tel Aviv were among their effects. If the standpoint of broadly collective responsibility was the wrong way to explain the atrocities, so too was the standpoint of purely individual responsibility. There were currents of culture behind the killers. Their ideas were not only their own. I am reminded of those complications when I hear that Islam is a religion of peace. I have no quarrel with the construction of Cordoba House, but not because Islam is a religion of peace. It is not. Like Christianity and like Judaism, Islam is a religion of peace and a religion of war. All the religions have all the tendencies within them, and in varying historical circumstances varying beliefs and practices have come to the fore. It is absurd to describe the perpetrators of September 11 as “murderers calling themselves Muslims,” as Karen Hughes recently did. They did not call themselves Muslims. They were Muslims. America was not attacked by Islam, but it was also not attacked by Jainism. Mohammed Atta and his band (as well as the growing number of “homegrown” Islamist killers and plotters) represent a real and burgeoning development within Islam, an actualization of one of Islam’s possibilities, an indigenous transnational movement of apocalyptic violence that has brought misery to Muslim societies, and to us. It is not Islamophobic to say so. Quite the contrary: it is to side with Muslims who are struggling against the same poison as we are. Apologetic definitions of Islam will not avail anybody in this struggle.
Sacred space. Nationalism has always arrogated to itself a hallowing power, and the sanctification of Ground Zero is the natural expression of the memory of a nation. But this is a secular sanctity. I see no justification for establishing a mosque, a church, or a synagogue at Ground Zero, even though Muslims, Christians, and Jews died there. (Irreligious people also died there.) Yet nobody is proposing to establish a mosque at Ground Zero. Sacralization is an act of demarcation: its force is owed to its precision. Outside the line is outside the line. Park Place is outside the line, in the “profane” realm. Or has the right finally found a penumbra in which it can believe? On September 13, 2001, a construction worker at Ground Zero discovered two large steel beams in the shape of a cross. Given the design of the towers, the likelihood of such perpendicularity was high—when I visited the unimaginable place a short while later there were smoldering right angles everywhere—but the discovery of this cross was deemed a miracle, and it was raised on a concrete base, and there was talk of incorporating it into the memorial at the site. (It now stands a block away, at a church on Barclay Street.) I was always discomfited by the sight of it. Christianity was not attacked on September 11. America was attacked. They are not the same thing. The image of the Ground Zero cross now appears in TV ads excoriating the “Ground Zero mosque.” The people behind those ads do not deplore a religious war, they welcome one.
Insensitivities. There are families of the victims who oppose Cordoba House and there are families of the victims who support it. Every side in this debate can invoke the authority of the pain. But how much authority should it have? I do not see that sentiment about the families should abrogate considerations of principle. It is odd to see conservatives suddenly espouse the moral superiority of victimhood, as it is odd to see them suddenly find an exception to their expansive view of religious freedom. Everybody has their preferred insensitivities. In matters of principle, moreover, polling is beside the point, or an alibi for the tyranny of the majority, or an invitation to demagogues to make divisiveness into a strategy, so that their targets come to seem like they are the ones standing in the way of social peace, and the “decent” thing is for them to fold. Why doesn’t Rauf just move the mosque? That would bring the ugliness to an end. But why don’t Palin and Gingrich just shut up? That, too, would bring the ugliness to an end. Certainly the diabolization of Rauf, an imam who has publicly recited the Shema as an act of solidarity and argued that the Declaration of Independence “embodies and restates the core values of the Abrahamic, and thus also the Islamic, ethic,” must cease. In a time when an alarming number of Muslims wish to imitate Osama bin Laden, here is a Muslim who wishes to imitate Mordecai Kaplan. Turn away, from him? But he may be replaced at his center by less moderate clerics, it is said. To which I would reply with a list of synagogues whose establishment should be regretted because of the fanatical views of their current leaders. I also hear that there should be no mosque on Park Place until there are churches and synagogues in Saudi Arabia. I get it. Until they are like us, we will be like them.
A night at the J. At the JCC on Q Street a few weeks ago, there was a family night for “kibbutz camp.” As the children sang “Zum Gali Gali,” an old anthem of the Zionist pioneers, I noticed among the jolly parents a Muslim woman swaddled in black. Her child was among those children! Her presence had no bearing on the question of our security, but it was the image of what we are protecting. No American heart could be unmoved by it. So: Cordoba House in New York and a Predator war in Pakistan—graciousness here and viciousness there—this should be our position. For those who come in peace, peace; for those who come in war, war.
Leon Wieseltier is the literary editor of The New Republic.
terça-feira, setembro 07, 2010
Devaneio - 2
segunda-feira, setembro 06, 2010
Animais?
06/09/2010 05h20 - Atualizado em 06/09/2010 08h45
Cientistas observam chimpanzés
desativando armadilhas humanas
Alguns animais descobriram como driblar caçadores, acredita-se que por observação passada de geração em geração
BBC
armadilhas de caçadores humanos nas florestas
da Guiné, segundo pesquisadores (Foto: Gaku
Ohashi / BBC )
Chimpanzés selvagens estão aprendendo a driblar as armadilhas de caçadores humanos nas florestas da Guiné, segundo pesquisadores.
O que mais impressionou os especialistas é que os chimpanzés tomam a iniciativa de procurar e desativar as armadilhas sem se machucar.
A descoberta foi feita por acaso pelos primatologistas Gaku Ohashi e Tetsuro Matsuzawa, que seguiram chimpanzés em Bossou, Guiné (oeste da África), para estudar seu comportamento social.
Ferimentos e mortes de primatas decorrentes de armadilhas são comuns no continente africano. Mas poucos ferimentos do tipo foram encontrados nos animais de Bossou - o que parecia incomum, já que os animais vivem perto de comunidades humanas e de locais repletos de armadilhas. Agora os primatologistas entendem o porquê.
Ohashi e Matsuzawa, do Instituto de Pesquisas de Primatas na Universidade de Kyoto, no Japão, estudaram cinco chimpanzés machos (jovens ou adultos) que tentavam desativar os ardis.
Uma armadilha típica, como as feitas pelo povo Manon, em Bossou, consiste em um laço de arame conectado a uma corda a um galho arqueado, geralmente de uma muda de árvore.
A muda tensiona a corda, e, quando o animal atravessa o laço, a armadilha é acionada, prendendo geralmente o pescoço ou a perna do animal que a ativou.
Mas, em Bossou, alguns chimpanzés "pareciam saber quais partes dos ardis eram perigosas e quais não eram", disse Ohashi à BBC.
Sem ferimentos
No periódico Primates, os pesquisadores descrevem seis casos diferentes em que chimpanzés foram vistos tentando desativar as armadilhas. Na maioria das vezes os animais agarraram e chacoalharam os galhos do ardil até que este se quebrasse.
Em todos os casos, os primatas conseguiram não tocar a parte perigosa da armadilha, o laço de aço. "Ficamos surpresos em encontrar esse comportamento", disse Ohashi. "É o primeiro relato de chimpanzés que quebram armadilhas sem ferimentos."
Os episódios revelam também dados importantes sobre o aprendizado dos animais, que muitas vezes adquirem novas habilidades por tentativa e erro. Mas não foi este o caso: um erro ao tentar desativar a armadilha poderia ser fatal.
Os especialistas especulam que os chimpanzés tenham aprendido a lidar com os ardis ao observá-los ao longo do tempo, e essa informação pode ter sido passada de geração em geração.
Em um caso, um jovem chimpanzé observou um adulto desativar uma armadilha antes de tocá-la.
Os pesquisadores advertem que as armadilhas continuam a ser uma ameaça significativa aos chimpanzés selvagens e dizem se esforçar para identificar e desativar ardis nas florestas.
Eles também dizem que os chimpanzés em outras regiões não parecem ter aprendido até agora a driblar caçadores humanos dessa forma.